A Database For A Relational System - 865 Words

Database Normalization Srikanth Karra Instructor: Dr. Steven Case Southern New Hampshire University When we design a database for a relational system, the main objective in the development of a logical data model is to create an accurate representation of the data its relationship and constraints. The data should be split in different tables, which can then be joined together based on their relations with each other and the data found in each one of them. These tables should therefore be designed well to save on space and ensure that cases on data inconsistency are eliminated. Another aspect, which will be saved on, is space that is occupied by repetitive data. Normalization is the process that is used to remove redundancy†¦show more content†¦It is highly recommended by practitioners that all databases be designed to at most the third normal form as there’s little or no benefit designing to the higher normal forms. The type of activity or transactions to be performed against the database should determine how normalized this database will be to achieve the performance benefits. Importance of having a normalized database There are many advantages to normalizing databases. The first being the ability to minimize modification anomalies by reducing redundancy, maintain data consistency and protect data integrity. Data consistency is the act on ensuring that similar data does not appear in different tables or entries in the database. This is highly discouraged because inconsistency can result into a lot of losses in terms of space and time. It can be confusing and especially when updating the data which has multiple entries. A database should therefore be well designed to ensure that all the data is well documented and all inconsistency has been eliminated in the tables. Normalization is a process for evaluating and correcting tables to minimize the likelihood of data anomalies. Basically, normalization can help ensure the proper data is entered into any particular field by restricting what can be entered or stored in that particular field (Kroenke, 2006). The essence of data normalization is to split your data into several tables that will be connected to each other based on the data within them

Personal Experience Camping with my Family Essay - 540 Words

Every summer my dad, brother, and I go camping at least twice a month. We don’t have a set camp ground we go to, we just love camping on warm summer days and we bring our little fishing boat to the lake and ride the cool calm water. We would set the boat with our anchor, cast our fishing rods, and relax while catching so many whiskered catfish. We have been doing this for a few years since we moved here from Massachusetts. The lakes are large with not a lot of people around, which is nice and relaxing since some people are loud and obnoxious. The lakes are surrounded by tall trees, glittering beaches and old hiking bridges. My favorite part is the smell of the burning campfires and smoky food we have, and it is a great getaway from people.†¦show more content†¦The way the sun/moonlight shines through the trees high above it just so beautiful. When we go camping I walk on the hiking trails at least once. The trails are a great way to clear your mind, I just love walkin g across the old bridges that overlook the sparkling lake and occasionally see a fish or two jump out of the water. When youre camping at a lake or just camping in general, there are smells all over the place. The smoky smell of fresh campfire smoke fills the air and sometimes the scent of marshmallows and hotdogs being toasted/cooked are all over. My brother always insets to get marshmallows and Hershey bars to make smores even when it’s still light out; often he would get her fingers sticky and dirty from making so many of them. The campfires I make are so big bright with fiery reds, oranges and yellows. This is always a great time for my dad and me to peacefully talk to each other while looking up at the stars. Camping is also a great way to get way from people who you may not like or that annoy you. Camping is the best thing I like to do with my family, no matter where we may go I know we are going to have a great time. From driving the boat around the sparkling water to relaxing, catching fish of all shapes and sizes. Also getting away from the people who I don’t like and relaxing under the starry sky. The smell of campfire smoke slowing floating up the tall pine trees is one of me favorite things aboutShow MoreRelatedCamping Is An Amazing Experience1281 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the bests experiences of my young adult life of twenty-four years is going camping. Camping is an amazing experience. It allows for you to break off from normal everyday routines and lets you enjoy a simpler life experience without the aid of technology. Camping with family can be a bonding heartwarming experience, but camping with friends is where the fun is at. 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For bug repellent try citronella candles and Avon Skin So Soft instead of toxic chemical insect repellents. 2. Wear long sleeves and long pants at dawn and dusk when insects are most active. 3. Stay on trails to protect habitat and avoid snake encounters. Snakes sense vibrations, so walking with a buddy or a group is not onlyRead MoreTechnology Has Made A Huge Impact On Our World1415 Words   |  6 Pagesnature. Both of my parents were raised spending sunrise to sunset outside. They both played with neighborhood kids in their backyards from the time they were able to walk until the time they entered middle school. There was not much technology for them to use, they each had a radio and television but they were mainly used for news rather than entertainment. Similarly, I was raised up until I was eight or nine years old to spend all day outside. 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Literature Review Paper Corporate Restructuring

Question: Discuss about theLiterature Review Paperfor Corporate Restructuring. Answer: Corporate Restructuring in the West The restructuring literature in the companies found in the west provides a hint of the failure or success of actions of restructuring undertaken by the management in determining and creating business value. (Ruigrok, 1999) argues that the experiences of the companies found in the West, can be of benefit to other businesses found in the developing countries.The main aim of enterprise restructuring is to transform businesses into capitalist firms which creates value. Western Europe and North American managers, scholars, and politicians have long regarded restructuring as mainly a temporary phenomenon(Ruigrok, 1999). In this view, restructuring was considered as a company stage during which it had to adapt to the changes of the environment such as Asian competition, slower growth rate, and higher prices of input. The late 1980s to 1990s events have made this perspective unsustainable(Ruigrok, 1999). It seems unsafe to continue assuming that many firms will continue in the coming years t o restructure. This is because of the ongoing monetary and economic integration in the EU (European Union), further discussions on economic integration with North Atlantic Area and the Americas, and the economic crisis in the Asia (Onundo Riany, 2012). As a result, this brings up questions of the direction and nature of the efforts of corporate restructuring, and possible differences of cross-nationals among the West corporates. Through literature review, this study analyzes the significance to restructuring to the organizations, especially the West trading companies. The Firms Performance and Organizational Restructuring For the organizations that want to remain relevant in the world of business, organizational restructuring is a vital strategy. (Shermon, 2012) defines the restructuring as the changing of the structure of a firms operations, governance, financing, and investment structures. (Three Sigma Inc, 2002) defines restructuring as the process of introducing structural changes in the daily business management for onetime transaction activities such as acquisitions, debt swaps, spin-offs, and repurchasing stock. It is viewed that the main concern of restructuring is to change structures for the quest of long-term and short-term benefits. According to (Shermon, 2012) the undertakings of restructuring can be categorized into three main classifications. Those types are the portfolio, organizational, and financial restructuring. Restructuring that is based on financials comprises of the firms capital changes, which includes the debt-equity swaps, recapitalization leverage, and leverage buyout. A financial restructuring common way is to increase equity through new share issuing. However, portfolio restructuring comprises substantial changes in the firms asset mix or the firms business lines, which include spin-offs, liquidation, and asset sales (Vyacheslav, 2000). On the other hand, organizational restructuring encompasses substantial changes in the firms organizational structure, which comprises of the spreading span of control, corporate governance reformation, reducing product diversification, redrawing of divisional boundaries, downsizing employment, revising compensation, and flattening of hierarchic levels. This pap er is focuses on the restructuring of the organizational which comes with the changes in policies of human resources. There is need to change the current human resource policies in line with the changing situation. The department of the human resource needs to initiate change management. (Vyacheslav, 2000) demonstrates that in order to maintain the employees external and internal equity, there should be streamlining of the current pay structure. (Andreas Kemper, n.d.) notes that there are signs that can be used to determine the need for organizational restructuring. Such signs include influenced performance appraisals; unpredictable organizational communications, significant staffing increases or decreases are contemplated; accountability for results are not communicated clearly and measurable resulting in subjective and retaining personnel and turnover becomes a problem that is significant; parts of the organization are substantially under or over staffed; new skills and capabilities are needed to meet current or expected operational requirements; technology and/or innovation are creating changes in workflow and production processes; fragmented, and inefficient; and stagnant workforce productivity or diminishing morale (Jarso, 2016). Organizational restructuring in a number of ways has shown to be important and that they are more important in strategies implementation of due to good formulation but that are not confined to reducing costs of operation. A study conducted by (Srivastava, 2013) on the effect of restructuring on the operational issues of the West countries public traded companies in 2013, tested whether the restructuring resulted in substantial changes. In their study, they applied profit margin, the ratio of total asset turnover after and before the restructuring as substitute for the firms performance, return on assets, and changes in revenues (Srivastava, 2013). They were able to determine through the analysis that there was substantial increase in return on assets, profit margin, and total revenue after restructuring. However, there was no proof of substantial effect on the ratio of asset turnover. The researchers were able to find existence of substantial evidences of significant market expectations and over response to the announcements of restructuring. They performed a study to explore corporate performance improvements in companies involved in acquisition and merger. Similarly, other researchers carried out a study to analyse the merger relationship in the US steel industry. The research used the methodology of New Empirical Industrial Organization. This analysis was carried out by observing the time between 1951 to 1988. The study examined the relationship between mergers in the U.S. steel industry and the market power. According the study results, there was slight boost to power in the steel industry since 1972 1984 (Jarso, 2016). In steel industry, acquisition and merger resulted in improvement of solvency, cash flow positions, liquidity, and efficiency. Also, one study conducted in the US in 1998 found out than less than 20% of the firms, had considered restructuring as an essential step of integrating the acquired firm into their organization (Jarso, 2016). However, firms which have a comprehensive integration plans, have managed to develop in their industries, an average value. (Wambui, 2012) conducted a research on the impact of restructuring on the operation of the organization specializing in mobile phone industry in UK. The study agreed that, all three techniques of restructuring have positive impact on the firms market share and growth. The findings from their study demonstrated that organizational restructuring had the least effect on the firms market share, the second was portfolio restructuring, whereas, financial restructuring had the highest impact. Nonetheless, on the market growth rate, organizational restructuring had the highest impact. References Andreas Kemper, F. K., n.d. Corporate Restructuring Dynamics: A case Study Analysis, Oestrich-Winkel, German: s.n. Jarso, H. A., 2016. Restructuring Strategy and Performance of Major Commercial Bank in Kenya, Nairobi: University of Nairobi, Kenya. Onundo Riany, G. H. M. O. O., 2012. Effects of Restructuring on Organization Performance of Mobile Phone Service ProvidersChrista. International Review of Social Sciences and Humanities, 4(1), pp. 198-204 . Ruigrok, W. P. A., 1999. Corporate Restructuring and New Forms of Organizing: Evidence from Europe.. [Online] Available at: https://www.freepatentsonline.com/article/Management-International-Review/57645213.html [Accessed 25 4 2017]. Shermon, G., 2012. Creating an optimized organisation: Key Opportunities and Challenges, s.l.: s.n. Srivastava, S. B., 2013. Organizational Restructuring and Social Capital Activation, Berkeley: University of California . Three Sigma Inc, 2002. Organizational Restructuring, s.l.: s.n. Vyacheslav, T., 2000. An Investigation into Methods of Restructuring and Reorganizing Industrial Enterprises. Club of Economics in Miskolc TMP , Volume 5, pp. 81-84. . Wambui, N. A., 2012. Corporate Restructuring and Firm Performance In The Banking Sector Of Kenya, Nairobi Kenya: University of Nairobi.

The Cherokee Removal Book Review free essay sample

The Cherokees had lived in the interior southeast, for hundreds of years in the nineteenth century. But in the early eighteenth century setters from the European ancestry started moving into the Cherokees territory. From then on the colonial governments in the area began demanding that the Cherokees give up their territory. By the end of the Revolutionary War, the Cherokees had surrendered more than half of their original territory to the state and federal government.In the late 1 asss the US began urging the Cherokees to stop hunting and heir traditional ways of life and to instead learn about how to live, farm, and worship like Christian Americans. Despite everything the white people in Georgia and other southern states that abutted the Cherokee Nation refused to accept the Cherokee people as social equals and urged their political representatives to take the Cherokees land. The purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France in 1 803 gave Thomas Jefferson the chance to relocate the eastern tribes beyond the Mississippi River. We will write a custom essay sample on The Cherokee Removal Book Review or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The War of 181 2, with help from General Andrew Jackson help the united States to end what he called the absurdity of negotiating with the Indians tribes. From that point forward the Georgia politicians increasingly raised the pressure on the federal government to fulfill the Compact of 1802. In the agreement the federal government had to extinguish the Indian land title and remove the Cherokees from the states. The Cherokee government maintained that they constituted a sovereign nation independent of the American state and federal government.The Treaty of Hopeful in 1785 established borders between the United States ND the Cherokee Nation offered the Cherokees the right to send a deputy to Congress, and made American settlers in Cherokee territory subject to Cherokee law. With help from John Ross they helped protect the national territory. In 1825 the Cherokees capital was established, near present day Calhoun Georgia. The Cherokee National Council advised the United States that it would refuse future cession request and enacted a law prohibiting the sale of national land upon penalty of death. In 1 827 the Cherokees adopted a written constitution, an act further removed by Georgia. But between the years Of 1 827 and 1831 the Georgia legislature extended the states jurisdiction over the Cherokee territory, passed laws purporting to abolish the Cherokees laws and government, and set in motion a process to seize the Cherokees lands, divide it into parcels, and other offer some to the lottery to the white Georgians. Andrew Jackson was declared president in 1828 immediately declaring the removal of eastern tribes. In 1830 Congress passed the Indian Removal Act which authorized the president to negotiate removal treaties.In 1831 combined army, militia, and other volunteer forces began to move the tribes along one of several routes to two forts located in Indian Territory; Fort Gibson and Fort Towns. The last tribe to be moved was the Cherokees in 1838. During this move some tribes accepted bribes of money and or land; whole others didnt and were forced under the threat of death. During the move there were several weigh states along the route, and from bad planning or lack of concern to malfeasant actions the Indians were not allowed or even access to proper food, medical supplies, warm clothing, nor were allowed to rest for any significant period of time.This resulted in death of many of the tribal members. The Native Americans began to cal the trail, the Trail where they Weeper/ Cried and it was later changed to The Trail of Tears by modern translation. There were approximately eleven trails that took different tribes to different locations. They ranged from 200 to 900 miles and went through around fourteen states. There was an estimated 4,000 to 15,000 Cherokees deaths during these trails.